Accounting Non for Profit - 992 Words

Accounting for Capital Projects and Debt Service ------------------------------------------------- Questions for Review and Discussion 1. Budgets, and hence budget comparisons, are not as essential for capital projects and debt service funds because they are often on a project, rather than an annual, basis and spending is typically authorized on that basis. 2. When bonds are issued for more than their par value, the premium can be interpreted as an adjustment of the interest rate and transferred to the debt service fund — the fund in which resources for the payment of debt will be accumulated. Although the same interpretation can be placed upon bond discounts, there may be no funds available in the debt service†¦show more content†¦The Internal Revenue Service imposes strict limitations on the amount of arbitrage that governments can earn so as to avoid undermining the â€Å"subsidy† given to state and local governments in the form of the tax-exempt status. If governments could engage in unlimited arbitrage, they would have virtually unlimited sources of revenue (at least until an equilibrium in the interest rate structure between tax-exempt and taxable bonds was reached). 9. As a general rule, a government can benefit from a decline in interest rates only if its outstanding debt can be redeemed at less than current market value — i.e., if a call provision is attached to the debt and thereby imposes a ceiling on the market value of the debt. 10. An in-substance defeasance is a process by which a debtor refunds its debt in economic substance but not legal form. The debtor retires the debt in economic substance by setting aside (with an independent trustee) sufficient funds to make all required payments of both interest and principal up to the date at which the debtor may first exercise its call provision. The debtor borrows the required funds by issuing new debt at prevailing interest rates, which are lower than those that it is paying on the existing outstanding debt. In that way it is able to â€Å"lock in† the lower rates and save on interest costs from the date of the defeasance until the call date. GASB standards require a government to recognizeShow MoreRelatedAccounting Systems for Non-Profit Organizations602 Words   |  2 PagesAccounting systems for non-profits are designed to capture the organization’s financial position and its economic activities. Non-profit organizations use two methods of accounting; the cash method of accounting and the accrual method of accounting. The cash system records revenues when cash is received and records expenses when cash is paid. However, the cash method does not provide an accurate reflection of the economic condition of the not-for-profit organization (McCarthy, Shelmon, Mattie,Read MoreGovernmental Non for Profit Accounting Chapter 2 Quiz Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 02 - Principles of Accounting and Financial Reporting for State and Local 11. The accounting system used by a state or local government must make it possible A. To present fairly the financial position and results of financial operations of the governme nt as a whole, as well as fund financial activity in conformity with GAAP, and to demonstrate compliance with finance-related legal and contractual provisions. 12. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a fund as defined by GASBRead MoreComparative Analysis Of Fair Value And Historical Cost Accounting On Reported Profit1659 Words   |  7 PagesHistorical Cost Accounting On Reported Profit: A Study Of Selected Manufacturing Companies In Nigeria. 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Throughout the history of the Czech Republic’s accounting standards, companiesRead MoreGovernment Accounting Standards Board versus Financial Accounting Standards Board1022 Words   |  5 PagesIn accounting, private companies are treated differently than governmental and non-profit companies. However governmental and non-profit companies use different reporting requirements from the private sector. The requirements for governmental companies use the Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB), whereas profit and non-profit companies use the Financial Accounting Standards Board. This paper will explain the purpose, discus the similarities, and differences between the GASB and FASB. Read MorePublic And Private Sector Accounting1357 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The major debate in accounting is about the appropriateness of adopting the private-sector accounting standards and practices to the public sector. Some researches support there is no distinction between the public and the private sector. For example, McGregor (1999) thought these two sectors are primarily similar in physical characteristics of assets. However, the against side believes that in some public activities, the application of accounting standards for public sector entitiesRead MoreEssay on Case Analysis 10-3 Kansas City Zephyrs Baseball Club, Inc.1727 Words   |  7 PagesI.Issues Why does net income not equal cash flows? Why do we need accrual accounting? (Why do not we fire all accountants and just publish summary bank statements) Why do the differences between owners’, players’, GAAP and truth number exist?(Can accounting numbers be neutral representations of what happened? What happens if a retired non-roster player (e.g. Joe Portocararo) returns to the active roster while continuing to earn the same money promised him in his guaranteed contract? Of whatRead MoreAbsorption and Marginal Costing1154 Words   |  5 PagesAbsorption and marginal costing (Relevant to AAT Examination Paper 3: Management Accounting) Li Tak Ming, Andy Deputy Head, Department of Business Administration, Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Kwai Chung) Introduction Absorption costing and marginal costing are alternative cost accumulation systems used to ascertain product or job costs for inventory valuation and cost of sales. Absorption costing Absorption costing includes both variable and fixed production costs in theRead MoreCase Study11661 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation in two categories: accounting information and non-accounting information. The content of financial reports can be divided to accounting and non accounting information. According to Ahmed Belkaoui and Alain Cousineau (1977), accounting information is defined as quantitative, formal, structured, audited, numerical and past oriented material. 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Drug Use Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Essay

Introduction Studies indicate as many as 34% of students at institutions of higher education in the United States of America have used Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) stimulants illegally (Desantis and Hane par. 5). This alarmingly high number begs the questions: Are these drugs dangerous? Do people think that it is acceptable to use neuroenhancers? More interestingly, though, could these drugs potentially academically benefit their consumers in an academic environment? Adderall is a drug used to increase the focus and concentration of someone with a mental disorder such as ADHD. Although illegal, these drugs are often used without a prescription by students. At one American university, 6.9% of students had admitted to using Adderall at least once in college (Desantis and Hane par. 4). This same study found that 81% of participants think that illegal use of Adderall is â€Å"’not dangerous at all’ or only ‘slightly dangerous’† and 0 of the 175 participants admitted to the knowledge that stimulants posed a significant health risk (Desantis and Hane par. 6) There is evidence from one study that these drugs can increase cognitive abilities, but there have been no conclusive studies that examined the negative side-effects of these drugs when used for non-medical reasons (Lucke, Bell, Partridge, and Hall par. 10). This suggests that neuroenhancing drugs could be used for the betterment of society. If effective, these drugs have the potential to increase efficiency inShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd ) And The Frontal Lobe887 Words   |  4 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and the Frontal Lobes Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) throughout history has been seen as a behavioral issue. 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Findings showed that significantRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1355 Words   |  6 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder is a neuro-behavioral disorder typically seen in children. Over the past several years’ attention-deficit hyperactive disorder seems to be on the rise. Since 2011, eleven percent of children ranging from ages four to seventeen were diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (Children with ADHD et. Al. 2016). Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder is a difficult disorder to diagnosis, but once the disorder is diagnosed there are ways to manageRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1145 Words   |  5 Pages Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder To Medicate or Not to Medicate with Adderall? Meghan L. Gonzales National University Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder To Medicate or Not to Medicate with Adderall? The medical world has noticed several changes and improvements during the past century, but maybe none that s as economically rewarding afterward the prescription drug business. New medications turn-up regularRead MoreEssay On ADHD1259 Words   |  6 Pages Many may ask what the causes of attention-deficit/hyperactive disorders are but the cause of ADHD is not completely understood yet. People suggest that there may be biological abnormalities, hereditary factors, and environmental factors for those who suffer from ADHD. Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorders may have biological abnormalities such as brain structure abnormalities or abnormal biochemical levels (Comer, 2016). Brain structural abnormalities tend to occur in theRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )971 Words   |  4 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children ADHD a condition characterized by an inability to focus attention or to inhibit impulsive, hyperactive behavior, according to cdc.gov this is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders of children, which it is normally diagnosed in early childhood and may last into adult hood, children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood, can cause a lifetime of frustrated dreams and emotional pain ADHD was first mentionRead MoreATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER is a condition that can occur in both children and adults who constantly display inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. 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It was originally called hyperkineticRead MoreThe Treatment Of Psychiatric Drugs1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe Use of Psychiatric Drugs To Treat Children Statistics determine that seventeen million children in the world have been prescribed psychiatric medications for mental illnesses or disorders (â€Å"Facts and Statistics†). In a society where one in four people suffer from a mental illness, it’s disturbing to find that many of these people are children. Many of these children will never have the opportunity to live normally without being under the influence of a drug. After taking a position as a leadRead MoreIs Adhd over-Diagnosed Among School Children1409 Words   |  6 Pagesreview by C. Collins with the article, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, which originated from the Facts on File; Issues and Controversies Database. After reading both the review and the article I highly believe that ADHD is definitely over-diagnosed. 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Giants of the Arts Research Paper Essay Example For Students

Giants of the Arts Research Paper Essay Piano created Youthful Pleasures to show us the celebration now as love, specifically the love between mother and child together With the warmth and closeness that brings. If he would have accomplished nothing else, believe his best wish would be for us to understand the emotion of love. His purpose for creating these pieces of art would not have been far from this, he has told us My paintings elicit feelings of warmth (Key West Galleries), which one can only help hut feel after they understand the love and nostalgia he so accurately portrays in his paintings. Piano is able to tell us a romantics point of view, without ever saying a word. It has been said that Piano followed the work to and was heavily influenced by the groups know as Pre-Reappraises and Machiavelli (J Watson). Both these groups believed that art should not be bound to conventional art forms or the public norm, which artists should be allowed to depict their feelings and ideas without judgment of the theme but judgment on their ability. If Piano had adopted these principles the implications and consequences could have led him to scrutiny and eventually separation from the art world for not conforming to the practiced standard. Having been eased primarily with his mother, aunts and cousins while growing up, Pianos style comes from the societal condition that causes all the men from his family to be gone working and providing for the family. He was also born during the war that ravaged Europe leaving Piano to be cared for by his extended relatives, as the men were transported away to fight. This leads all the women in his family to fill the maternal role, often times leaving him to feel isolated because of the gender difference between them. You can see this separation in the position Of the boy in the background, also throughout his other paintings whenever a woman is evicted she always holds or seems closest to the younger girl while the boy is in the shadows. My initial interpretation of this fantastic painting had me thinking of the realism captured in the face of the woman as well as the attitudes of the children so precisely detailed. After further study and research I am now able to see the tenderness felt between the subjects, how Piano was loved as a child with his own special explanation of that feeling. His artistic ability is undeniable, his story worth repeating and his point well made. Many have admired his ability to future in great detail the emotions his subjects were expressing, Many others have celebrated his work, some saying he was the biggest figurative artist to our time. His talents have been noted on the ability to so brightly capture the emotion and realism of a person while weaving it perfectly into the softness of the landscape and surroundings His technique was as impressive as his projection and interpretation of beauty. The styling used between foreground and subject are a distinct sign of work from Piano, he would use a broad sweeping stroke to lay out the surroundings then proceed with fine strokes and clear recession for the subject. I could not agree more with Piano and his ideas Of love and warmth. If you look closely at more of his favor you can see the true talent and skills used by him, sometimes leading me to think he cared more his abilities than he did the actual message of the painting. His core values of integrity and perfection drove him to constantly improve his techniques, always striving to better himself. Can reflect on these values because I know that we are never done learning or improving ourselves, that no matter what we can always be better. Piano Deadens artwork already holds great value around the world, He is n artist lucky enough to reap the rewards and praise for his works during his lifetime and leave us with a legacy.